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第一单元 Environmental Interrelationships(概论)

教学大纲要求
1. 教学内容:
  (1)环境的范畴 (The Field of Environmental Science)
  (2)环境问题的相互关联性 (The Interrelated Nature of Environmental Problems)
  (3)环境与生态系统 (An Ecosystem Approach)
  (4)环境问题 (Regional Environmental Concerns)
2. 教学要求:
  (1)了解环境科学的学科体系;
  (2)了解环境问题的相互关联性;
  (3)了解生态系统方法在环境分析中的应用。
本单元授课计划
总授课时间:4学时(2次授课)
1. 第1次课(2学时)
  (1)课程介绍:包括课程整体内容、总授课计划、双语教学方式、学习要求等;
  (2)“环境学”的概念、学习的目的和任务等。
2. 第2次课(2学时)
  (1)按照教学大纲的要求,讲授第一单元的内容;
  (2)就环境学的基本概念以及环境问题的相互关联性开展课堂讨论。
本单元重点与难点
1. The Field of Environmental Science(环境科学的领域)

  • Environmental Science is interdisciplinary, and includes both applied and theoretical knowledge.(跨学科;应用科学+理论科学)
  • Environmental Science incorporates scientific aspects of ecology, conservation, geography, etc., with inputs from social sciences such as economics, sociology and political science.(自然科学+社会科学)
  • The field of environmental science involves an understanding of scientific principles, economic influences, and political action.(科学 + 经济学 + 政治学)

2. Interrelated Nature of Environmental Problems(环境问题的相互关联性)

  • “Environment” is everything that affects an organism during its lifetime. Understood to infer surrounding conditions that affect people and other organisms.(生物过程:出生→死亡;环境:影响生物的整个生命历程)
  • Most social and political decisions are made with respect to political boundaries and jurisdictions. But environmental problems rarely coincide with these boundaries.(社会与政治决策有行政边界;环境问题边界不同于行政边界)
  • Because of the magnitude of these problems, international agencies such as the International Joint Commission have had the major bearing on environmental quality over broad regions.(环境问题是世界性问题)

3. An Ecosystem Approach(环境与生态系统)

  • Ecosystem: Region in which the organisms and the physical environment form an interacting unit.(生态系统:生物与环境相互作用的单元系统)
  • The task of an Environmental Scientist is to recognize and understand natural interactions within our environment, and integrate these with the uses humans must make of the natural world.(生态系统中的相互作用:包括环境中的自然作用,以及人类对环境的利用)

4. 本单元要点的归纳:
  环境问题是跨越国界的世界性问题;
  人们对环境问题的认识存在多方面的差异;
  环境问题归根结底是人的问题。
作业与习题要求
  本单元是“环境学”的概述,不设置专门的习题,但布置一定量的思考题,让学生结合本单元教材内容进行思考,准备答案,下一次课进行课堂讨论。

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