Unit 1

Ecosystem

Environmental science

Wilderness

Environment

Sustainable development

Unit 2

Biodegradable

Cost-benefit analysis

Debt-for-nature

Exchanges

Deferred costs

Demand

Economics

Environmental costs

Extended product responsibility

External costs

Life cycle analysis

Natural resources

Negligible risk

Nonrenewable resources

Pollution

Pollution costs

Pollution-prevention costs

Price

Probability

Renewable resources

Risk

Risk assessment

Risk management

Subsidy

Supply

Supply/demand curve

Sustainable development

Unit 3

Abiotic factors

b iogeochemical cycles

b iomass

b iotic factors

c arbon cycle

c arnivore

c oevolution

c ommensalism

c ommunity

c ompetition

c ompetitive exclusion principle

c onsumer

d ecomposer

d enitrifying bacteria

d etritus

e cology

e cosystem

e ctoparasite

e ndoparasite

e nvironment

e volution

e xtinction

f ood chain

f ood web

f ree-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria

g enes

h abitat

h erbivore

h ost

i nterspecific competition

i ntraspecific competition

k eystone species

l imiting factor

m utualism

m ycorrhizae

n atural selection

n iche

n itrifying bacteria

n itrogen cycle

n itrogen-fixing bacteria

o mnivore

p arasite

p arasitism

p opulation

p redation

p redator

p rey

Primary consumer

Speciation

Species

Symbiosis

Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Trophic level

Vector

Abyssal ecosystem

Alpine tundra

Benthic

Benthic ecosystem

Biochemical oxygen demand

Biome

Boreal forest

Climax community

Coral reef ecosystem

Desert

Emergent plants

Estuary

Euphotic zone

Eutrophic lake

Freshwater ecosystem

Grassland

Limnetic zone

Littoral zone

Mangrove swamp ecosystem

Marine ecosystem

Marsh

Mediterranean shrublands

Northern coniferous forest

Oligotrophic lake

Pelagic

Pelagic ecosystem

Periphyton

Permafrost

Phytoplankton

Pioneer community

Plankton

Prairie

Primary succession

Savanna

Secondary succession

Seral stage

Sere

Steppe

Submerged plants

Succession

Successionsl stage

Swamp

Taiga

Temperate deciduous forest

Tropical dry forest

Tropical rainforest

Tundra

Zooplankton

Unit 4

Age distribution

Demographic transition

Demography

Gross national income(CNI)

Less-developed countries

More-developed countries

Population density

Postwar baby boom

Replacement fertility

Standard of living

Total fertility rate

Zero population growth

Unit 5

Biodiversity

Bush meat

Clear-cutting

Cover

Deforestation

Desertification

Ecosystem diversity

Endangered species

Extinction

Genetic diversity

Habitat management

Migratory birds

Mutations

Patchwork clear-cutting

Reforestation

Species diversity

Selective harvesting

Threatened species

Wilderness

Unit 6

Atmosphere

Chemical weathering

Conservation tillage

Contour farming

Crest

Erosion

Friable

Horizon

Humus

Land

Leaching

Lithosphere

Litter

Loam

Mantle

Mechanical weathering

Parent material

Plate tectonics

Reduced tillage

Soil

Soil profile

Soil structure

Soil texture

Strip farming

Terraces

Waterways

Weathering

Windbreaks

Unit 7

Activate-sludge sewage treatment

Aquiclude

Aquifer

Aquitard

Artesian well

Biochemical oxygen demand(bod)

Confined aquifer

Domestic water

Eutrophication

Evapotranspiration

Fecal coliform bacteria

Groundwater

Groundwater mining

Hydrologic cycle

Industrial water use

In-stream water use

Irrigation

Limiting factor

Nonpoint source

Point source

Porosity

Potable water

Primary sewage treatment

Runoff

Unit 8

Acid deposition

Acid rain

Air toxics

Carbon dioxide

Carbon monoxide

Carcinogenic

Chlorofluorocarbons(cfcs)

Criteria air pollutants

Decibel

Greenhouse effect

Greenhouse gas

Hazardous air pollutants(hap)

Hydrocarbons(HC)

Methane

Nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen monoxide

Nitrous oxide

Oxides of nitrogen

Ozone

Particulate matter

Photochemical smog

Pm 2.5

Pm 10

Primary air pollutants

Radon

Secondary air pollutants

Sulfur dioxide

Thermal inversion

Volatile organic compounds(vocs)

Unit 9

Agricultural waste

Composting

Incineration

Industrial solid waste

Leachate

Mass burn

Mining waste

Mulch

Municipal aolid waste landfill

Municipal solid waste(MSW)

Recycling

Solid waste

Source reduction